Non-dimensionalized equations were employed in system level modeling:
Click here to view complete report (Available to CALCE MEMBERS ONLY)
A horizontally oriented test board was placed in the middle of the Plexiglas enclosure. Figure 2 shows the relative location and the structure of the test board. A layer of Styrofoam was placed right under the PWB. The 4x4 array test modules are ceramic pin grid array packages (Figure 3 ). They are evenly located both along and across the flow directions on a epoxy fiberglass board.
At the system level, the test module was modeled as a simplified layered structure shown in Figure 4 . Totally three layers are used to replace the original structures. For each layer, the effective thermal properties are evaluated based on volume fraction average of each constituent part. The resulting effective conductivities for each layer are presented in Table 1 .
Non-dimensionalized equations were employed in system level modeling:
Click here to view complete report (Available to CALCE MEMBERS ONLY)